Embarazo molar (Mola hidatiforme completa)

La mola hidatidiforme es un embarazo que se caracteriza por una degeneración hidrópica de las vellosidades coriales y habitualmente la ausencia del feto. La mola parcial se caracteriza por ser resultado de una triploidía diándrica y por la presencia de cambios hidatiformes progresivos lentos con capilares vellosos funcionantes, que afectan solamente a algunas de las vellosidades; se asocia con un feto o embrión anormal identifcable (vivo o muerto), membranas o eritrocitos fetales.

[JUAREZ AZPILCUETA, Arturo; ISLAS DOMINGUEZ, Luis  y  DURAN PADILLA, Marco Antonio. MOLA HIDATIDIFORME PARCIAL CON FETO VIVO DEL SEGUNDO TRIMESTRE. Rev. chil. obstet. ginecol. [online]. 2010, vol.75, n.2 [citado  2016-06-02], pp. 137-139 . Disponible en: <http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0717-75262010000200011&lng=es&nrm=iso>. ISSN 0717-7526.  http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0717-75262010000200011.]

Quiste de mesenterio (linfangioma)

Mesenteric cyst is defined as a cystic lesion located between the leaflets of the mesentery from the duodenum to the rectum , being most commonly found in ileum level. Since its first description in 1507 by Benevienae until 1993 there are only about 820 cases reported in the literature^4 - 6.

Lymphangiomas are benign tumors, probably congenital, are more common in the cervical and axillary regions. They are unusual in abdominal and pancreas location. Its incidence is estimated at around 1:100,000 and 1:20,000 admissions in adults and in children. The first excision was performed by Tillaux (quoted Chung) only in 1802⁵. Despite the long recognition of this disease, its origin classification and pathology remain controversial. The highest incidence is between the third and fourth decades of life, with 75% of those diagnosed after ten years with a slight female predominance. The term lymphangioma is appropriately used when there is hemodynamic isolation, or the injury is not related to the blood system^10 - 13. Lymphangiomas are a major group of so-called vascular hamartomas, which result from a failure in the evolutionary development of the vascular system, including lymphatic and/or arteries and veins³.

[Tomado de: REIS, Diogo Gontijo Dos; RABELO, Nícollas Nunes  and  ARATAKE, Sidnei Jose.Mesenteric cyst: abdominal lymphangioma. ABCD, arq. bras. cir. dig. [online]. 2014, vol.27, n.2 [cited  2015-12-15], pp. 160-161 . Available from: <http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0102-67202014000200160&lng=en&nrm=iso>. ISSN 0102-6720.  http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0102-67202014000200016.]

Neurofibroma

Tumor miofibroblástico inflamatorio de colon

Paciente de 4 años con tumor en colon transverso, el diagnóstico (por histología e inmunohistoquímica) fue tumor miofibroblástico inflamatorio

ALK-1 Inmunohistochemistry

 An inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) was first described in 1937¹ as a primary lung tumor. The tumor consists of the proliferation of fibroblastic-myofibroblastic cells admixed with inflammatory infiltrate.

Independent of the location, IMTs are more common in children and young adults, but patients of any age and sex can be affected.¹ Besides the lung, IMTs can also occur in the retroperitoneum, mediastinum, spleen, brain, pancreas, liver, or GI tract as single or multiple tumors.^2,3,4,5,6,7 Although most authors admit that an ITM is a benign tumor, the recurrences and metastases presented in some of the reported cases^1,6 may lead to a reclassification of this tumor as having uncertain malignant potential.

In the colorectal segment, the first case of IMT was described in the rectum by Coffin et al³ in 1995. Between 1995 and 2012, according to our knowledge, the number of reported cases rose to 24,^1–17

(Simona Gurzu, 

Tivadar Bara, 

and Ioan Jung. Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor of the Colon. 

JCO Apr 1, 2013:e155-e158; published online on January 28, 2013)

Miofibromatosis

Paciente con miofibromatosis, con paciente múltiples recurrencias y resecciones previas, se realizó amputación por dolor intratable. 

Aspecto histológico de los nódulos neoplásicos.

Abscesos esplénicos piógenos / Spleen Abscesses (pyogenic)

Absceosos piógenos esplénicos. Paciente con inmunosupresión (leucemia linfoblástica tratada con quimioterapia)

Quiste adrenal endotelial / Adrenal entothelial cyst

Adrenal cysts are rare and form a heterogeneous group of lesions that includes (a) parasitic cysts, (b) epithelial cysts, (c) pseudocysts, and (d) endothelial cysts. There is evidence (immunohistochemical and ultrastructural) that both pseudocysts and endothelial cysts are variants of vascular cysts. Adrenal vascular cysts account for 84% of adrenal cysts. They are more common in women and present clinically with abdominal pain or are incidental findings. Their imaging features are not specific. Grossly, both types of adrenal vascular cysts are encapsulated. Pseudocysts are unilocular, thick-walled, and devoid of endothelial lining, whereas endothelial cysts are thin-walled, multilocular, and lined by endothelium. Adrenal vascular cysts probably originate from a preexisting vascular hamartoma. The treatment of choice is surgical excision. The prognosis is excellent. (Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2006;130:1722–1724)

Secuestro pulmonar intralobar / intralobar pulmonary sequestration

El secuestro pulmonar es una malformación congénita poco frecuente, caracterizada por un segmento anormal de tejido pulmonar irrigado por una arteria aberrante de origen sistémico, sin comunicación con el árbol traqueobronquial. Corresponde a la segunda causa de anomalías congénitas a nivel pulmonar, representando un 0,15-6% de todas las malformaciones en este sistema, ubicándose en el 95% de los casos en el lóbulo inferior izquierdo. Según el revestimiento de pleura visceral que lo contiene, se puede clasificar en las variedades intralobar y extralobar, estando la primera contenida dentro de la pleura visceral del pulmón normal adyacente, mientras que la segunda tiene su propia membrana. La variedad intralobar corresponde al 75% de los casos y la extralobar se asocia en un 50% de los casos a otras malformaciones (BRACHO M, FERNANDO, PIZARRO T, GUSTAVO, & SEPÚLVEDA C, JOSÉ A. (2007). Secuestro pulmonar en un lactante.Revista chilena de pediatría, 78(5), 494-499. Recuperado en 18 de junio de 2015, de http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0370-41062007000500007&lng=es&tlng=es. 10.4067/S0370-41062007000500007)